Speaking is essential issue and requesting skill to be learned by learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Parra led to other language skills, speaking get less attention in second language acquisition, research, and teaching. The present study implied that to determine the effect of previous understanding or topic acquaintance on speaking ability of student. The study was conducted in institute class including ng 12 students, in this study there is just one class available and quasi-experimental performed. First, in three classes, the teacher asked student to speak in the ideal duration of time about topic which students aren’t familiar within and their performance as pretest. Then teacher give student topics to work about it before and they can collect data from other source, in this study their previous knowledge activated, over ally, when student search these topics from other source, they can speak easily for longer time and this selected as past tests. This study analyzed through paired- sample t test provide some evidence in order to support positive effect on previous knowledge on speaking ability.

This paper presents the stability analysis of rock slopes in the Taham road in NW of Iran. In this study numerical modeling is used for two rock slopes at the route of Taham road. Shear strength reduction analyses is carried out using Phase2 in the basis of Hock–Brown and Mohr–Coulomb criteria. According to results of numerical analysis, Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) of the rock slopes is 1.11 and 1.44 on the basis of Hock–Brown criterion but, 2.13 and 2.41 on the basis of Mohr–Coulomb criterion respectively. The obtained results present that application of Hock–Brown criterion yielded more reliable results in this situation and any rotational failure will not occur. The Hock–Brown criterion allows the non-linear behaviour of the dilation angle with the shear displacement of rock blocks, but the dilation angle in the Mohr–Coulomb criterion is defined to be constant independent on the shear behaviour of rocks.

This study aimed to identify various aspects of housing and to determinate the factors that affect its price, considering the different features of an apartment-housing unit, such as physical characteristics, environmental, and access to the residential units. In this regard, this research was conducted to study the factors that influence the price of residential properties in Hashtgerd New Town (35°58′57″N 50°44′30″E ). The information required for this study was gathered from 275 households in Hashtgerd New Town. The housing pricing function was estimated by applying the Hedonic-pricing model based on two-sided logarithmic functions. The results showed that of the sixteen studied variables, eight variables had significant effects on prices of housing units. Among these variables, the variables such as gross floor area, unit’s distance from city center, stone facade and land area with +0.82, -0.10, +0.08, +0.07 rates of elasticity, respectively, had the greatest impact on setting the price of an apartment-housing unit.

This study presents the probabilistic stability analysis of porphyrite rock slope in the Taham road in NW of Iran using point estimate method (PEM). In this paper numerical modeling is used to determine the strength reduction factor (SRF) of the porphyrite rock slope. Using point estimate method (PEM) we combine probabilistic input variables such as the material constant for intact rock (mi), the geological strength index (GSI), deformation modulus (E), intact uniaxial compressive strength (  ci ), and evaluate the distribution of the output variable namely strength reduction factor (SRF). The obtain results show that probabilistic approach, when it is possible to have sufficient data on the quality of the rock mass, leads to a better understanding of the project risks.

Droughts are recognized as an environmental disaster and have attracted the attention of environmentalists, ecologists, hydrologists, meteorologists, geologists and agricultural scientists. However there are definitions and models for measuring the qualitative and quantitative of this phenomenon but there is no real comprehensive model to have all climatic, hydrological, agricultural, social and so on conditions and be responsive to the needs. In this research, by using TOPSIS method and seven climatic factors, droughts were identified and ranked in Gilan. Then output data were compared with SIAP method and finally, the study area is classified with proposed method.

The government of Egypt is highly concerned with raising awareness of educational quality assurance and accreditation among Egyptian academic institutes. In 2007, The National Authority for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Education (NAQAAE) was established by a Presidential Decree. The main goals of NAQAAE are supporting Egyptian educational institutes by fostering their quality assurance practices through establishing an integrated system for accreditation, setting up educational standards and performance assessment indicators and supporting Egyptian educational institutions in their preparation of self assessment. In accordance with these goals, Egyptian educational institutions are strongly urged to revise and improve their educational programs to meet with the international standards for quality assurance and accreditation. The Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University pioneered in that direction and developed two new educational postgraduate programs for studies towards M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Pesticides. Both programs were designed to meet the requirements of the international standards of quality assured education and the official bylaws related to postgraduate studies. The two programs have been reviewed by internal and external highly recognized scientists then submitted to NAQAAE for final approval and accreditation. Besides M.Sc. and Ph.D., students must score 400 and 450, respectively in TOEFL exam, get ICDL and publish at least one scientific paper. Ph.D students must also pass written and oral qualifying examinations. For M.Sc. degree, the student is required to study 39 credit hours (1 credit hour = 1 theoretical hour or 2 practical hours) and submit and discuss a scientific thesis. For Ph. D. degree, the student is required to study 53 credit hours and submit and discuss a scientific thesis.